How Europeans and Americans Divided Africa at the Berlin Conference 1884-1885
How Europeans and Americans Divided Africa at the Berlin Conference 1884-1885 1. What the meeting was 14 European powers plus the U.S. met in Berlin from November 1884 to February 1885. Their goal was to set rules for claiming African territory and avoid war between themselves over Africa. No African leaders were invited or consulted. 2. Why Africans were excluded - Power imbalance: European states had superior military and naval power in 1884. African states weren’t recognized as equals under European international law at the time. - Purpose of the meeting: The conference was to settle disputes _between Europeans_ over claims in the Congo, West Africa, and elsewhere. It wasn’t a negotiation with Africa. - Racial and legal view of the era: European powers didn’t consider African kingdoms and states to have sovereignty in the same way European states did. 3. What they agreed on The agreements were written in the *General Act of Berlin: - Effective occupation rule: A E...