A first lady’s role is not defined in the U.S. Constitution,

A first lady’s role is not defined in the U.S. Constitution,

nor is she elected by the American people—but in modern history, these women have taken on a multitude of responsibilities, from entertaining White House guests and foreign visitors, championing causes, campaigning for their spouse, and caring for their families. 

Edith Roosevelt improved upon the execution of these duties when she hired Isabella “Belle” Hagner (pictured) to serve as her social secretary in 1901. Hagner managed the first lady’s correspondence, planned events, and implemented protocol for White House entertainment, including greater use of military personnel at events—now known as White House Military Social Aides. She also wrote invitations, created seating charts, and assisted with Mrs. Roosevelt’s shopping and other errands. 

Hagner’s time at the White House forever influenced the social duties of first ladies. She later reflected that her time in the role “seems very primitive now for a First Lady of the Land, when one considers that the present occupant of the White House [Eleanor Roosevelt] has three or four secretaries and apparently clerks, typists and telephones galore.” 

Edith Roosevelt was a matriarch and a traditionalist, and this month we will share some lesser-known insights about her — who she was, and how she used her influence during her time at the White House. 

Stay tuned as each month we examine a different first lady and their profound impact on the Executive Mansion and beyond.

Image: Collection of the Hagner family