During the last decade prior to the establishment of reservations,

 During the last decade prior to the establishment of reservations, the dance had achieved prominence as a successful celebration for petitioning supernatural protection in warfare activities. The dance was the property of the Omaha society, a man's organization. Accordingly, participation was restricted to society members and their families. Certain sacred badges of distinction were reserved for outstanding members. Prominent features of the celebration included dancing, oratory, give-aways, ritual drama, and feasting. The song, oratory, and dance pantomine aroused a patriotic fervor while warfare achievements and victories were reenacted. Giveaways, public distributions of gifts by hosts and other prominent persons, served to reinforce social relationships and demonstrate generosity. All ceremonies climaxed with a ritual drama or kettle dance, which included a flamboyant display of dancing with warriors dramatically vanquishing the enemy, symbolized by a pail of cooked dog meat. Typicall y, celebrations also served as protracted social affairs, and lasted well into the night.

"The Omaha Dance in Oglala and Sicangu Sioux History, 1883-1923 by Mark G. Thiel"